South Africa’s economic landscape has long been characterized by monopolistic giants that dominate key industries, from telecommunications and banking to energy and transport . While these monopolies provide large-scale infrastructure, they also stifle competition, inflate prices, and make market entry a challenge for new players . The Competition Commission of South Africa , tasked with promoting fair competition, has been at the center of efforts to dismantle unfair market practices and level the playing field . However, the battle between monopoly-driven industries and emerging competitors is far from over. This article explores monopolistic behavior in 10 key industries, its economic relevance, and the role of regulatory bodies in fostering market competition . It also integrates NPC Theory , a concept borrowed from game theory, to explain how monopolies view new entrants and how disruptors can challenge the status quo. Monopolies and Their Impact on the Market Monop...